On a VFR cross-country flight and not in contact with ATC, what frequency should be used in the event of an emergency?

In the event of an emergency during a VFR cross-country flight while not in contact with Air Traffic Control (ATC), the appropriate frequency to use is 121.5 kHz. This frequency is designated as the international aeronautical emergency frequency and is monitored by air traffic services and many aircraft globally. It serves as a vital communication channel for pilots who need to report emergencies, request assistance, or transmit distress signals to other aircraft and ATC.

Using 121.5 kHz ensures that your emergency call is likely to be received by the most number of listeners, as it is universally recognized among pilots and air traffic controllers as the go-to frequency for emergencies. This frequency is part of a broader protocol that prioritizes pilot safety and facilitates timely assistance.